Ali ibn Abi Talib

Her name and nasab

Name Ali ibn Abdul Muttalib ibn Hashim. Abu Talib was brother Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib, the king's father Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam. So Ali was the cousin of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam. He called Abul Hasan and Abu Turab.

He lived as a child raised by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam, because his father was too much load and task very much and too many families who must dinafkahi, while Abu Talib had few possessions since the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wasallam was a child.

Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam him up as a reciprocation to his uncle, Abu Talib who had been caring for him when he did not have a father and mother as well as the loss of his beloved grandfather, Abdul Muttalib.

Ali Sign Islam

The majority of Islamic historians assume that Ali radi 'anhu was the second person who converted to Islam after Khadijah radi' anha, in which age he was still ranged between 10 and 11 years. It is an honor and glory to him, where he lived with the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam and foremost to embrace Islam. In fact, he was the first to perform the prayers along the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam, as written by al-Askari (author of al-Awa`il).

Physical properties and Personality Her

He is a person who has a stocky body and wide, densely filled with tall posture, big belly, brown skin color, thick beard white as cotton, very sharp eyes, smile, face tam-pan, and has good teeth, and when running very fast.

Ali radi 'anhu is human figure and simple ascetic life, the clothes they wear and are not tied to a particular pattern or color. His clothes were knotted shaped sheath over the center and hang up half calf, and at the top of his body is rida '(shawl) and even the top of his clothes patched. He also wore a white skullcap made in Egypt which is covered with a turban.

Ali also like to enter the market, told the traders fear Allah and sell in a way that Ma'ruf.

He married Fatimah az-Zahra daughter of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam and blessed with two sons, al-Hasan and al-Husayn.

Ali radi 'anhu was the figure of a brave and heroic warriors, never retreat, never be afraid to die to defend and uphold the truth. His courage is recorded in history, as follows:

a) When the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam want to emigrate to Medina at the time of his home in the evening surrounded by a group of youths from various Arab tribes to kill the messenger of the Prophet, the Prophet sent Ali sleep in his bed wearing blankets he owned. Here Ali really risked their lives for the sake of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam, with full trust in Allah Almighty.

The next day, Ali told to indicate the presence of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam, but he did not know the answer, because he just told to sleep in his bed. Then he was tortured and led to the Haram and there he was detained a few moments, then released.

 b) He then went on to emigrate to Medina to walk alone, very long distances barefoot, so that both his legs were swollen and covered with wounds upon his arrival in Medina.

c) Ali was involved in all the wars in the time of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam, in addition to the battle of Tabuk, because at that time he was assigned to guard the city of Medina. In the wars that he was often tasked with duel (duel) before the real battle begins. And all the enemies he had been paralyzed and died. And he is also the holder of the banner of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam.

The virtue of Ali ibn Abi Talib

The virtue of Ali radi 'anhu very much at all. Besides those mentioned above, there are many more virtues and his privileges. These include the following:

- Ali is a man who truly loved God and His Messenger. At the time of Khaibar, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam said, "This flag I really would give to someone who God gives the victory through him, he loves Allah and His Messenger, and he is loved by Allah and His Messenger." Then in the evening, the rambunctious friend discussing who among them who will have the honor of carrying the flag. And the next day the companions came to the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam, each hoping entrusted with the flag. However, he said, "Where is Ali?" They replied, "His eyes were sore, O Messenger of Allah." Then the Prophet sent to pick him up and Ali was coming. Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam spitting saliva to Ali's eyes and pray for him. And Ali was cured as if it were never exposed to the disease. Then he gave the flag to him. Ali said, "O Messenger of Allah, I fight them till they become like us." He said, "Go in peace until you arrive at them, then invite them to Islam and to convey to them the rights of God shall they exert. By God, if only Allah gives guidance to man through you, it is better for you than red camels. "(HR. Muslim, no. 2406).

- Soul fighting Ali is very ingrained in his heart, so that when the Prophet wanted to leave the battle of Tabuk and instructed Ali to keep Medina, Ali was objected that says, "Are you leaving me with women and children?"

But the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam would indicate a very high position while Ali said, "Are you not the pleasure that your position on my side as Aaron notch in the side of Moses, except that there is no prophethood after me." (HR. Al-Bukhari and Muslim).

- He also was one of ten people who have got "Busyra biljannah" (tidbit as inhabitants of heaven), as stated in the hadeeth narrated by al-Hakim in al-Mustadrak.

- The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam has said to Ali radi' anhu, "that no one loved him except a believer and no hate, but the hypocrites." (HR. Muslim)

- Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam also been said to Ali radi' anhu,

أنت مني وأنا منك

"You are part of me and I was a part of you." (HR. Al-Bukhari).
 

- He is also very well known to the skill and accuracy in solving various problems are very complicated though, and he is also a man who has a `abqariyah qadha'iyah (genius in solving legal statutes) and known to be in science. (See: Aqeedah Ahl al-Shahabah Fi, Volume I, page 283).

Ali Become Caliph

When Ali was appointed as the fourth caliph, and the situation is very tense atmosphere of the city of Medina, controlled by the rebels who had desecrated the holy land of Medina by the despicable murder of the third Caliph, Uts-man ibn 'Affan radi' anhu.

Ali ibn Abi Talib in his administration actually facing a major dilemma very complex, namely:
1) The rebels are huge numbers and master Medina.
2) Establishment of law enforcement for prosecution stronghold of the rebels who had killed Uthman ibn 'Affan, who later gave birth to the civil war, war Jamal and Siffin.
3) The Kharijites who are former supporters and defenders, he then turned to fight against him.

But with wisdom and his genius in dealing with various situations and make decisions, he can end the bloodshed it through albitrasi (tahkim), though the Muslims at that time still not fully united.

Abdurrahman ibn Muljam, one of the prominent Khawarij fire harbored hatred towards Ali bin Abi Talib, because they have to kill colleagues seakidah, ie the Kharijites in Nahrawan. Therefore he committed treason along with two other colleagues, namely al-Barak the son of Abdullah and Amr ibn Bakr at-Tamimi, to kill Ali, Mu'awiya and Amr ibn al-`As, because he regarded as the ringleader bloodshed .

Amr Al-Barak and failed to kill Mu'awiya and Amr ibn al-`As, while Ibn Muljam successfully landed his sword at the head of Commander of the Faithful, Ali ibn Abi Talib, in the early hours of Friday, 17 Ramadan, H. and his 40-year his death the next day.